The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.